![]() There is no explosion to make the hole even larger than the one produced by the meteorite hitting the surface. In this activity, only the meteorite striking the surface is demonstrated. This super heated vapor results in an explosion, creating the cup-shaped hole in the ground called an impact crater. In a real crater formation, the meteorite's energy of motion is transferred into shock waves and heat, which breaks the ground and causes the meteorite to vaporize. The size of a crater is related to the energy of the meteorite forming it, which is determined by the size and mass of the object and its speed. But, due to its thin atmosphere, the Moon has many meteorite craters. "Crater" is from the Greek word meaning "cup" or "bowl." The surface of Earth has some craters due to meteorites slamming into it. The author measured a hole of 1/2 inch (1.25 cm) deep. The depth of the holes in the sand will vary depending on the size and weight of the clay ball and height the balls falls. Shake the box of sand to smooth its surface, and then repeat steps 5 to 9.Measure the difference between the two marks on the toothpick to determine the depth of the hole.This mark should be on the same side of the toothpick as the first mark. Use the red pen to mark a line on the toothpick level with the surface of the sand in the center of the hole.Insert the toothpick in the center of the hole in the sand formed by the ball.Carefully remove the ball from the sand so that you disturb the sand as little as possible.Stand next to the box and hold the clay ball waist high above the center of the sand in the container.Use the black pen to mark a line on the toothpick level with the surface of the sand.The tip of the toothpick should touch the bottom of the box. Set the box of sand on the floor, then insert the toothpick vertically in the center of the sand.Pour the sand into the box, and shake the box so that the surface of the sand is as level as possible.6 to 8 cups (1.5 to 2 liters) of sand (corn meal will work), large shoe box or comparable size container, flat toothpick, 2 fine-point felt-tip pens (1 black, 1 red), walnut-size piece of modeling clay, ruler. To determine what happens when a meteorite hits Earth. ![]()
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